2019年12月16日

大型平安保險集團(Ping an Insurance Group)的子公司陸金所(Lufax)和點融網(Dianrong.com)等領先平台都以寬鬆的條件提供信貸，通常是將借款人與願意放貸的個人配對。2012年，中國的P2P借貸市場幾乎為零，如今已成為全球最大的P2P借貸市場，這在一定程度上是由像彭這樣精通技術的中國年輕人引領的，但壞賬和欺詐的指控也隨之增長。對中國債務螺旋式上升的更廣泛前景的擔憂，促使政府在2017年發起了一場運動，清理中國經濟中基本上不受監管的龐大“影子”融資體係，P2P借貸就是受害者之一。去年，成千上萬在P2P網貸中遭受損失的人聲稱監管鬆懈，在北京金融區舉行抗議活動，導致大量警察出動阻止示威活動。中國央行11月底表示，自那以來，政府關閉提供商的速度加快，自去年以來，提供商的數量從約5,000家削減至僅1,490家。根據穆迪投資者服務公司(Moody's Investor Service)的數據，未償還的P2P貸款在大約兩年前達到了超過1500億美元的峰值，大致相當於烏克蘭全年的國內生產總值(GDP)，但到11月底，這一數字降至770億美元。更多的痛苦可能還在後麵:穆迪本周表示，“陷入困境”的P2P平台數量也在飆升。數據挖掘公司艾媒谘詢(iiMedia Research)首席分析師張毅表示，當局失去了對這一快速增長行業的控製。“最終，作為一種創新的、具有成本效益的資本利用方式，網絡借貸不會消亡。但它必須回到其最初的宗旨，為信用數據可追蹤的小企業和個人服務。” WEALTH MANAGEMENT Many platforms are looking survive by partnering with big financial institutions or transitioning to wealth-management products. Several leading P2P providers did not respond to AFP requests for comment. Lufax has said it would scale back its P2P lending. Zhang estimates less than 20 percent of platforms will successfully transform, with the remainder facing shutdown. He expects the turmoil to push more borrowers towards credit products offered by big e-commerce companies like Alibaba-affiliated online-payments giant Ant Financial, which operates a huge money market and a range of other financial services. The impact for many P2P customers will endure, however. Tales of desperate, indebted borrowers abound on China's internet. A 22-year-old borrower from the eastern province of Shandong told AFP she considered suicide after racking up debts of around 200,000 yuan to pay her rent and indulge in shopping. The shame sapped her "motivation to keep my life going," said the woman, who spoke on condition of anonymity, fearful of being tracked down by loan collectors. Chen Baihua, a 25-year-old from China's eastern Zhejiang province, ran up debts of around 130,000 yuan, which he also was eventually able to repay with the help of his displeased parents. The experience left him "traumatised", and his resulting poor credit rating may rule out future home mortgages or car loans. He now dedicates himself to running his family's business selling electronic chips wholesale, hoping to rehabilitate his credit. But he is on a short leash. "My parents said they would only help me out this one time. If it happens again, whether I live or die is not their concern," Chen said. "Easy money can easily eat you up." Advertisement