飛行研究

2023年6月23日

柏拉圖數據情報。觀點:1凱瑟琳·約翰遜是美國數學家的軌道力學的計算作為一個35年NASA員工是成功的關鍵和隨後的美國載人太空飛行。美國宇航局指出她的“曆史作用的第一位非洲裔女性擔任美國宇航局科學家。“1957年蘇聯的人造衛星的發射改變曆史約翰遜的生活。1957年,她提供了一些數學1958文檔的筆記空間技術,1958年的一係列講座由工程師在無人駕駛飛機飛行研究部門和研究部門(夥伴)。工程師與組織形成的核心空間任務組,項目實施的首次正式進軍太空旅行。約翰遜,他曾與許多人自來到蘭利,“都是隨著項目”的項目成為NASA當年晚些時候。她為艾倫·謝潑德的軌跡分析任務自由7號,1961年5月美國首次載人航天。1960年,她和工程師Ted Skopinski合著方位角的確定在倦怠衛星地球所選位置,製定一份報告方程描述軌道航天飛船的著陸的位置是確定的。這是第一次飛行中的一位婦女研究部門收到信用作為研究報告的作者之一。1962年,NASA準備約翰·格倫的軌道任務,約翰遜呼籲做這項工作,她將成為最出名。 The complexity of the orbital flight had required the construction of a worldwide communications network, linking tracking stations around the world to IBM computers in Washington, Cape Canaveral in Florida, and Bermuda. The computers had been programmed with the orbital equations that would control the trajectory of the capsule in Glenn’s Friendship 7 mission from liftoff to splashdown, but the astronauts were wary of putting their lives in the care of the electronic calculating machines, which were prone to hiccups and blackouts. As a part of the preflight checklist, Glenn asked engineers to “get the girl”—Johnson—to run the same numbers through the same equations that had been programmed into the computer, but by hand, on her desktop mechanical calculating machine. “If she says they’re good,’” Katherine Johnson remembers the astronaut saying, “then I’m ready to go.” Glenn’s flight was a success, and marked a turning point in the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union in space.