2023年7月16日

加強新型抗菌素的管道製藥隨著越來越多的抗菌藥物變得過時,答案可能看起來簡單,開發新客戶。問題是抗菌素對製造商不是大賺錢,使新一代抗生素危險和昂貴的投資。這也是一個漫長的過程,通常在10 - 15年發展到臨床階段。根據世衛組織,隻有27個新的抗生素在臨床開發優先級病原體在2021年,從2017年的31。抗菌素耐藥性是一個複雜的問題,需要多管齊下的辦法來解決它,或者至少控製它。這包括公共和私營部門合作加速和擴大新抗生素的管道。近年來進展有助於填補的資金缺口擴大的新型抗菌素,包括抗菌素耐藥性多夥伴信托基金,全球抗生素研發夥伴關係,AMR行動基金。政府也加大了額外的資金研發管道環fenced,包括在英國。但這些措施需要在全球範圍內,持續尋找長期的解決方案停止共同感染成為殺手。提高病人依從性和處理開藥過量開藥過量抗生素是AMR的最大因素之一。 In the UK, it’s estimated one-fifth to one-third of antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary which can compromise their effectiveness. Increasingly, prescriptions (including repeat) are issued electronically, and this automation can lead to deficiencies in authorisation and reviews to decide whether they’re clinically necessary. Maintaining the status-quo at a time of reduced resources and the mantra of sticking with a ‘winning team’ is also contributing to the over-prescription of antibiotics. However, as the role of the community pharmacist grows, there is an opportunity for greater review, the introduction of specialised toolkits and longer appointment times to reduce the reliance on repeat and long-term prescriptions. Poor patient adherence, for those with a clinical need to finish an antibiotics course, should be a focus too. Non-adherence affects treatment outcomes and may result in microbial resistance. Common reasons for antibiotic non-adherence include forgetfulness, side effects, cost, lack of education and remission of the symptoms. Continuous training and resource allocation within community care teams are key to educating the public on best practice when taking prescribed antibiotics. Reducing antibiotic pollution and waste According to the UN , the release of antibiotics into the environment is accelerating bacterial evolution and the emergence of more resistant strains. This occurs across the supply chain, from manufacture to disposal. As pharmaceutical waste includes degraded and contaminated products, pharma packaging can play an important role. The mass adoption of Quality by Design (QbD) is vital, ensuring all packaging and delivery components are precision designed and engineered so they’re delivered and administered to patients as intended. QbD means quality is built into a product from the outset rather than tested during manufacture. Knowledge-based design has a key role to play in establishing “the rulebook” on what impacts safety, efficacy and patient experience. Labelling also has a role in boosting adherence and reducing waste. Printed guidelines must be kept up to date with health trends, such as the continued rise in child and adult obesity, which render recommended dosages outdated very quickly. Developments in digital packaging technologies are also on the frontline to monitor usage and compliance trends. “Smart” blister packs are becoming more advanced, utilising built-in microchips to capture use-related data and remind patients when the next dose is due. This data can then be accessed by health professionals to give a clear picture of a patient’s medicine-taking behaviour at home. Over the coming years, we can expect advanced digital packaging features to support the fight against AMR.