2023年6月23日

研究發現全電動rideshare艦隊可以減少碳排放,但增加交通問題主要ridesourcing公司超級和Lyft承諾全電動車隊在2030年為了減少他們的碳足跡。要理解這種轉變的額外影響,來自卡內基梅隆大學的研究人員(CMU)和密歇根大學的生命周期進行比較的電池驅動的電動汽車艦隊天然氣,使用真實的rideshare數據和一個新穎的基於代理模型建立在茱莉亞模擬ridesourcing服務與高地理空間和時間分辨率。一篇關於他們的工作是在ACS環境科學與技術》雜誌上發表。他們使用的模型和估計的數據生命周期空氣汙染、溫室氣體,和交通外部性收益和成本基於芝加哥過渡委員會的遊樂設施服務訪問數據從2019年到2022年全電動汽車。我們估計電氣化生命周期溫室氣體排放量減少40 - 45%(9至10¢/旅行),但增加生命周期外部性標準空氣汙染物的6 - 11%(平均1 - 2¢/旅行)在我們的模擬,它代表了需求模式在工作日和周末在季節prepandemic期間,大流行,接種後時期。小說找到我們的工作,使我們的高分辨率模擬,是電氣化可能增加跨國公司免費入場(交通網絡公司)由於額外的旅行和充電站。這種額外的汽車旅行增加估計擁塞,崩潰的風險,和噪音外部性2 - 3%(2 - 3¢/旅行)。總的來說,電氣化減少淨外部成本對社會的3 - 11%(5-24¢每趟),根據假定的社會成本的碳。莫漢et al . Mohan et al。隨意組合應用程序是一個越來越受歡迎的旅行方式在城市地區,尤其是對那些沒有自己的汽車。但在這些情況下使用的轎車和越野車每年裏程比典型的個人車輛,貢獻更大比例的溫室氣體環境。 Previously, researchers calculated that rideshare companies’ carbon footprints could significantly decrease by fully electrifying their fleets. However, few studies have used real-world rideshare trip data in their estimates, or included additional assessments of air pollution and traffic impacts, from the switch. Lead author Aniruddh Mohan and colleagues wanted to develop a method that evaluated the life-cycle costs and benefits for two battery-powered ridesource fleets and a gasoline-powered one. The researchers collected simulated rides provided by three fleets: gasoline-powered, and electric-powered with either 40 kWh or 60 kWh battery packs. Then, they did a comprehensive estimate of the use-phase and life-cycle impacts of the trips made in the simulations. Combining these data, they assigned a monetary value to each trip, based on the assumed damage done by carbon emissions, negative health impacts and traffic-related issues. The analysis indicated that electrified fleets had 40-45% lower greenhouse gas costs per trip compared to the gasoline-powered version. But the battery-powered electric vehicles were responsible for slightly higher air pollution from increased demand at local power plants for recharging purposes, as well as more ground-level particulates from tire and brake dust. They also were involved in more traffic problems, including crashes, congestion and noise, than the internal combustion option. In the simulations, battery-powered vehicles, particularly the 40 kWh ones, needed more frequent and longer trips without passengers to get to recharging stations. Overall, a conversion to battery-powered electric rideshare fleets could reduce the costs to society by 3-11% per trip, depending on the cost assigned to greenhouse gas emissions, the researchers say. They conclude that these results are specific to Chicago, and cities with different power grids and street layouts could have different assessments from full electrification. The authors acknowledge funding from Carnegie Mellon University’s Wilton E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation. Resources Aniruddh Mohan, Matthew Bruchon, Jeremy Michalek, and Parth Vaishnav (2023) “Life Cycle Air Pollution, Greenhouse Gas, and Traffic Externality Benefits and Costs of Electrifying Uber and Lyft” Environmental Science & Technology 57 (23), 8524-8535 doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07030